The Salem Witch Trials as a Form of Control of the...

The Salem Witchcraft Trials as a Form of Control of the Puritan Society The Salem witchcraft trials resulted from a climate of repression, religious intolerance, and social hierarchy combined with fanaticism and the oppression of women. The Puritan leaders used the trials as a way to control the community and to prevent change in the strict social hierarchy. The trials ensured that the teachings of the church would be followed - anyone not following the church was simply accused of being a witch and punished accordingly. Witchcraft was considered a crime, and punishment was severe. The first recorded incidents of Witchcraft originated in the mind of a young girls who would supposedly use crystal balls to try and predict their future.†¦show more content†¦The tension over land was growing fast. In 1632, the general court granted governor Endicott three hundred acres of land. With subsequent land grants to others, the boundaries and borders which told the people who owned what land was in dispute. Another land problem was caused by overcrowding in the New England communities. Salem was a seaport community that had been settled early and most of the land within its borders belonged to the first generation settlers. In the 1650?s, boundary disputes between Salem residents and those of surrounding towns increased. As a result of a shortage of land, most second and third generation Salem children lived as adults on subdivided land or moved on. The sons and daughters who stayed in Salem to farm found themselves with a lower income than their parents. The resulting tensions were Heightened by the concentration of land ownership in the hands of a relative few. The outcome was a climate of extreme animosity that lead to strife, and it was this tension that lead the puritans to use the trials to acquire land from their neighbours. The trials were a means to maintain the strict social hierarchy. A major source of social tension and conflict was caused by the farmers. The farmers outside town petitioned for their own minister and for their own house of worship. They had two reasons for their requests. One, they were far from town, and two they wereShow MoreRelated Salem Lifestyle Triggers Death Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesSalem Lifestyle Triggers Death The Salem Witchcraft Trials were part of an important time in colonial history. Taking place in 1692, the trials were triggered by a group of girls gathering to read palms. What started as a session of innocent palm readings, though, turned into a series of courtroom meetings. The trials resulted in chaos and disruption throughout the town of Salem. Various causes for the trials existed, but among these reasons were the religious state of the community, theRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Part Of History1018 Words   |  5 PagesHistory 112 Dr. Patricia Hoskins May 20, 2016 Salem Witch Trials Like Slavery the Salem Witch Trials are a part of history that all would like to erase. In Salem Massachusetts the colonist were mostly made up of Puritans. Puritans were lead on the firm foundation that the Bible was, is and still the only word. This lead to the belief that this was the only way to convict, judge and execute those of a satanic faith, such as witch craft. The Salem Witch Trials were mostly conducted between the monthsRead MoreEssay on Primary Sources for the Salem Witch Trials1731 Words   |  7 Pagescases of witch-hunting/trails and ultimate executions. The last recorded execution in England of an alleged witch is in 1682, though trials and accusations would still be brought alleged witches right up until the 1800’s both in England and on the continent in most cases /crown rule where witch-hunting/trials and executions took place, probably the most famous and certainly one of the most written about witching episodes is that of Witch Trials of Salem, Massa chusetts. The Salem Trials took placeRead MoreHiding Salem : The Other Witch Hunt Of 1692 By Richard Godbeer1145 Words   |  5 PagesBook Analysis: Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692 by Richard Godbeer In Escaping Salem: The Other Witch Hunt of 1692 by Richard Godbeer examined the witchcraft hysteria which happened in Stamford, Connecticut as the hysteria escaped from Salem, Massachusetts and how the panic of witchcraft caused by Katherine Branch in June of 1692, intensified beliefs and readjustments in the legal system in the Puritans society in Stamford, Connecticut. Consequently, Katherine Branch’s accusations inRead MoreThe Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials1647 Words   |  7 PagesWhitsett Robison History 1301 November 17, 2010 The Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials The events that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 have had historians scrutinizing over the causes for years. There have been several theories about how the situation became so out of control. The haunting story is well known in America, taught to our youth and has been the focus of numerous forms of media. We are familiar with the story but unfamiliar with the origin of its beginningsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials For The Puritan Community1398 Words   |  6 PagesBeene October 23, 2014 The Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials were a devastating time period in 1692 for the Puritan community which resulted in 20 innocent people executed. Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts 9 years before the Puritans landed in Massachusetts Bay. Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England and ultimately strive to build a utopian society. John Winthrope who was the first governor of the Massachusetts bay colony described this society as a city upon a hill. ThisRead MoreThe Plague Of Witch Trials Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesseen as a potential threat to both themselves and the rest of the community. The outbreaks of witch accusations that occurred throughout New England during this time reflected how unsettled the settlers really felt about their lives. This is reflected in both the Salem, Massachusetts witch trials and the Stamford, Connecticut witch trials even if these trials had different results. The trouble in Salem began in January, 1692 when Tituba, a slave from the West Indies was talking to Elizabeth ParrisRead MoreThe Role of Young Women in the Salem Witch Trials Essay examples1329 Words   |  6 Pages The Salem Witch Trials was much more than just America’s history, it’s also part of the history of women. The story of witchcraft is first and foremost the story of women. Especially in its western life, Karlsen (1989) noted that â€Å"witchcraft challenges us with ideas about women, with fears about women, with the place of women in society and with women themselves†. Witchcraft also confronts us too with violence against women. Even through some men were executed as witches during the witch huntsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay2008 Words   |  9 Pageswomen and men. The madness continued for over four months. The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the peopleRead MoreSalem Witch Trials of 1692 Essay2160 Words   |  9 PagesThe Salem witch trials of the 17th century, was an event that took place in the Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts which spread mass hysteria that centralized around the idea of witchcraft and reflected religious persecution. This tale of events provoked the fears of Puritans whom at the time hated and believed witchcraft to be evil, the practice of committing ill acts on the innocent, the aid of demonic spirits and conveying with Satan. Therefore, the idea of Devil worshipping and witchcraft became

Political History of Korea and East Asia Countries

Question: Discuss about thePolitical History of Korea and East Asia Countries. Answer: Old Choson and the Three Kingdoms History of China and Korea is known extensively from various myths and legends. The historical facts found there link the past with the present. These people come to know about their ancestors. They come to know their history of inheritance. Dent (2016) outlined Kija and Tan-gun are such two mythological figures of Korea. During 2333 BCE, Tan-guns existence was described and during 1000 BCE, Kija made his presence. The oldest dynasty of China was Shang dynasty, and Zhou dynasty. Ancient kingdoms of korea were Gojoseon and Buyeo. Tan-gun was among the early founders of this kingdom. Puyo or Buyeo was found in second century BC, i.e. 494 AD. However, Puyo felt the political pressure from the west and the south. China also became a warrior state and the first empire that emerged was The Qin Dynasty. As found by Dillon (2013), the Han Empire expanded itself in China. Koguryo and the three Han were the influential four commanderies in China. The three kingdoms that indulged into war were the Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei and the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms. Koguryo expelled Lelang and moved to south to Pyongyang. There was a constant conflict between north and south. Paekche pushed itself to north and made an active contact with Japan and China. They established a sophisticated culture. Silla build their capital at Kyongju and occupied South Korea. The Kabo Reforms, Russo-Japanese War, Colonial period Kabo Reforms occurred from July 1894 to February 1896. Birth of nationalism, Egalitarianism, and Modern capitalism the reformation took place. Korea became a sovereign country by reconstruction of the government. The distinction between the military and civil officials demolished. Some social stigma and practice of slavery were also abolished. The conservatives became unhappy and Korea turned towards Russia. The Japanese plotted the assassination of Quin Min in 1895. Outrage of people occurred. Kojong escaped to Russian deputation. Then all pro-Japanese members are either murdered or banished. The Taehan Empire rose to power in 1897. Manchuria was captured by the Russian. The States of US Hawaii and Philippines extended their relation with Japan due to formation of Anglo-Japanese alliance. Again, Russia entered into Korea. In 1904, Russo-Japan war occurred as Russia forced agreements on Japan. Japan won and in 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth was signed. In South Sakhalin and Liaotung Penin sula, Japanese control established. Ito Hirobumi forced Korea to sign agreement on 1905. Between the colonial period, 87,000 bureaucrats and 60,000 police came into existence. Japan adopted landlord-tenant system and class differences increased. They incorporated into the international market. In 1914, Japan captured territories in the pacific and declared war on Germany. In 1919, peaceful independence occurred with people coordinating many events. China, Manchuria and Russia resisted Japan. In Shanghai Korean interim government formed. In 1911, revolution occurred with overthrowing of the last emperor. In 1919, the May Fourth Movement occurred through protesting against Treaty of Versailles. In 1927, Chiang Kaishek formed new government as a result of civil war. Global Great Depression happened. Germanys economy suffered a lot due to unemployment and inflation. The 19th century: Western Imperialism in East Asia, The Opening of Korea In 19th century, unequal treaties were made and shift from direct to indirect colonization occurred. In the new world system, traditional relations became invalid and new hierarchy of power established. In the hands of Western imperialism, Japan became inferior and subjugated. Meiji restoration abolished traditional rules and expanded western culture there. During Taewonguns rule, finances and kinship developed. His Isolationism repulsed foreign intruders. In 1866, armed merchant ship captured Koreans into the ship. German businessman Ernst Oppert endeavored to steal royal treasures. US entered Korea and declared China had no control on Korea. Korea denied Americas request and in 1871, Korea and America exchanged fire. They switched to conciliatory approach and America left for China. Taewongun spread Anti-Catholicism and many converts into it. Foreigners were seen as threats to Korea. Korea tried to regain its control through development of military strengths and financial resources . Korea and Japan clashed in 1875. Next year Japanese naval vessels demanded apology to Korean officials. However, unequal treaty was imposed upon Korea. In 1894, Korea faced Tonghak uprising through several thousands of peasants. China sent troops to Japan and Japan also sent troops. Sino-Japanese war occurred. Korea became independent with the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Russia, France, and Germany intervened. Pro-Japanese officials were appointed and Kabo reforms occurred. The Koryo-Choson Transition, the Political System of the Choson Dynasty In 1388, koryo established military forces. Ming drove out Yuan and in northeastern region they established Chollyong Commandery in the northeast region. Ebrey and Walthall (2013) outlined, Koryo dynasty ended and new Choson dynasty established with Yi Songgye. Succession problem occurred as he had eight sons. However, his youngest son was appointed as crown prince and became Taejong, 3rd king. During his regime from 1400 to 1418, major institutional reform took place. The military and civil officials established control. Fiscal reform occurred with new land survey, increase of public lands and redirecting money to the government. Military reform occurred with recreation of standing army and abolition of private armies. Political institutional reform occurred with development of Security Council, six ministries, and elimination of concurrent appointments. Power of throne was strengthened with dispersal of bureaucratic power. Ethical and moral principles of Confucius were adopted as p olitical ideologies. King is seen as a moral example. Stability, peace and harmony within society are focused. As a result, control among some Yangban lineages extended control. Qing Dynasty and Tokugawa dynasty exercised control respectively. Neo-Confucian ideology doctrine was practiced in 16th century. Yongjo established policy of impartiality. Chongjo continued this policy and enhanced royal authority. However, Factionalism remained even after Yongjos sons controversial death. Injae et al (2014) outlined, after 1800, new in-law government began. Then came Sunjo, Honjong, Choljong, Kojong respectively. After that social discontent became occurred due to corruption, extortion, and high tax rates. Then came Ming Dynasty and established foreign relation with Japan, and extended contact with western countries. Tribute system was established with ritually accepting Chinese suzerainty. Then Hideyoshi invasions occurred with Yi Sun-Shin. After the war Korea suffered with disease and dea th. Manchu took over there and in China peace and stability occurred. Trade was improved. The Koryo Dynasty Wang Kong was made king in 918. He renamed the state to Koryo and moved the capital to Kaesong. He extended foreign relations by developing friendship with Silla but not with Later Paekche. According to Hsiao (2015), there were hostilities among Koryo and Later Paekche. Koryo tied with West and Northern China and Later Paekche with west and southern China. Victory of Koryo in 930 intensified the pressure. Later Paekche declined with internal disorder and military losses. Koryo unified as Silla and Later Paekche surrendered. Marital ties between Koryo and Silla was a strategic movement of Koryo. During mid 10th and 12th centuries bureaucracy centralized with Warlord coalition, military council, and emergence of new aristocracy. In countryside, Koryo tried to establish direct control. King Kwangjong established Slave Review Act, and Civil service Examination system. King Songjong abolished private army system, and appointed officials of the Capitals to supervise local government. In 99 3, Khitan invaded Koryo. The Jurchen engaged in conflict with Koryo and Jurchen became the Jin Dynasty. They overtook Khitan and captured Song capital. During the Song Dynasty, conflicts occurred due to Liao and Jin. Koryo refrained from it. Mid-Koryo rebellion occurred and military officials were degraded. Choe Chung-hon won and established Residence Reinforcement. Later Mongol attacked Koryo for 30 years. Most parts of Peninsula devastated by 1257. The next year Koryo fell and Yuan Dynasty was established. They did expedition against Japan and forced Koryo to participate. Again, Koryos rotyal family developed kinship with imperial family of Mongol. With Mongol backing, Koryo kings ruled. The Mongol control changed the Bureaucracy system. However, civil aristocracy emerged with King Kongmin. Sin Ton did reform programs following Buddhist religious ideals. Koryo felt the external pressure of Ming and Japanese pirates. Early Foreign Relations, Later Silla and Parhae During the three kingdom period, China was recognized as a developed country without any recognition of suzerainty. There emerged the Tributary system in which China was at the center and Emperor was the ruler. As discussed by Embree and Gluck (2015), in 612, Sui attacked Koguryo fearing that the latter would develop alliance with the Turks. However, Koguryos conflict with Sui and tang continued and Japan tied with Paekche. Japan tied with Paekche and Koguryo and Peakche allied against Silla. The Tang Dynasty also tied with Silla. As Palais (2015) discussed, in 655, Koguryo and Paekche entered Silla, Tang sent minor expeditions against Korea and it failed, Tang and Silla forces entered Peakche. Helgesen (2014) discussed, in 668, Koguryo fell after the joint attack of Sill and Tang. After that the Tang struggled and the king of Silla increased its powers. The aristocratric power thus fell. Bureaucracy increased as Board of Ministry of War, Board of Chancellory office, Board of justice and Board of Ministry of Surveillance developed. The local administration also developed. International trade faced threats of piracy during 787-846. References Dent, C.M., 2016. East Asian Regionalism. Routledge. Dillon, M., 2013. Dictionary of Chinese history. Routledge. Ebrey, P.B. and Walthall, A., 2013. East Asia: a cultural, social, and political history. Cengage Learning. Embree, A.T. and Gluck, C., 2015. Asia in western and world history: a guide for teaching. Routledge. Helgesen, G., 2014. Democracy and authority in Korea: the cultural dimension in Korean politics. Routledge. Hsiao, K.C., 2015. History of Chinese Political Thought, Volume 1: From the Beginnings to the Sixth Century, AD (Vol. 1). Princeton University Press. Injae, L., Miller, O., Jinhoon, P. and Hyun-Hae, Y., 2014. Korean History in Maps. Cambridge University Press. Palais, J.B., 2015. Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty. University of Washington Press.

Summary and evaluation the importance on sketching in design process free essay sample

In the article, ‘The Backtalk of Self-Generated Sketches,’ Goldschmidt discusses and talk over how we as human especially designers and artists use drawing and sketching to help us to generate ideas and also strengthening them by interpreting the ‘blacktalk’ of a sketching process. The article shows that the backtalk of a self-generated sketch gives rise to novel information that is not deducible from other types of representations. In Goldschmidt discussion, she uses examples of children to show how sketches are used to define or refine a reasonable representation and it is the childhood which inherent this ability. Also in the article, designers are used as case studies to show how sketches are used in the early idea-generation phase of a design process. Through these case studies, Goldschmidt describes the creation of sketches and how a sketcher re-reads their sketches and develops ideas and turn into something much further. Goldschmidt cleverly used various point to support her point of views, both objectively and subjectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and evaluation the importance on sketching in design process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By including some history of the origins of sketching, Goldschmidt gives viewer and reader and better knowledge in order to understand the development of sketching throughout the years. She also did a great job by providing a specific example; a nine years and seven months old girl Naomi, with detail description of Naomi’s sketching to sustain her point of views. Goldschmidt addresses many good ideas and information and I’m sure that her thoughts in 2003 are still relevant today as sketching still are used by designers to generate ideas. Schon, D. 1983, ‘Design as a Reflective Conversation with the Situation’, The Reflective Practitioner: How professionals think in action, Basic Books, New York, chapter p 76-104. In chapter 3 ‘Design as a Reflective Conversation with the Situation,’ Schon gives us the language for understanding professional practice (design) by investigate cases particularly in architecture profession (since architecture ‘functions as prototype for design in other professions. ’) as ‘protocol study method’ in order to cleanly eloquent and clarify the action of reflection, and by analyzing the protocol, some key aspects had discovered by Schon. Schon point out that the concept of design has broadened in the last twenty years; he recognizes that we are taking the risk of ignoring the profession specific knowledge, media, context and goals that relies within different fields. Schon introduces cases that are shared by various design professions which represent a generic design. Through these cases, Schon evaluates the situation of nowadays design field. Schon started the chapter well by giving us the language to understand professional practice, this is very important as reader may not have enough knowledge to understand Schon’s point of view. After giving as the language, Schon set out cases for the existence of problems, mainly the loss of faith in professionals through scandals, through ill-conceived projects, through hastily-introduced technologies with unforeseen side-effects. In Schon’s example, architecture student, Petra and his subject tutor Quist’s design critiquing have been observed and discusses, drawings are also included in order to clearly demonstrating their discussion, Schon do this to give the reader a better understand about his example, however, people outside the discipline may find it difficult to understand and relate with the discussion. Overall, I think the reading remain relevant today as a pioneering attempt to explore the boundary of hard and soft thinking, the role of observation and reflection in professional practice, and the limits of academic thinking. Schon proved stimulating and informative information through arguments and his use of examples are simply and clearly described. Lawson. B. c1997 ‘Working With Others’ How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified ,Oxford ; Boston : Architectural Press Chapter 15 pages 260-285 In the reading ‘Design with Other,’ Bryan Lawson examine and discuss how designers work as teams instead of an individual in many cases and also in many actual design projects. Bryan Lawson, a university professor, registered architect and psychologist, tries to summarize his various researches and experiment works with design and designers, both professionals and students, through his forty years of industry experience. He uses various examples for the various topics he covered in the chapter. Through these examples, Lawson walks the reader through the stages of design and clarifying the processes involved in order to explain how and why designer should work as team. While I support Lawson’s views that designers should not work individually but rather work with teams, I think that the reading is very difficult to read since it is written in an academic manner, this makes the reading hard to understand and hence the reader may not fully understand Lawson’s point of view and what he really try to express. Also, I think Lawson approaches the subject more from the perspective of an architect, which lead to the reading not being entirely applicable to other disciplines. Overall, I’m sure that Lawson’s thoughts in 1997 are still relevant today as many designer works with teams, Lawson’s unique viewpoint provides beneficial knowledge that will help the reader in all aspects of the design profession.

Free Essays on Haiti

In the Haitian culture children are considered to be their parent’s property. In American culture children are conditioned to believe that they are free – even from their parents. The two philosophies regarding parent-child relationships causes conflict in cross-cultural families. In her short story, â€Å"Caroline’s Wedding,† Edwidge Danticat exposes the cultural struggle between mother and daughter. The daughter, Caroline, is raised in America, and as a result, has adopted the country’s customs. The mother’s homeland, however, is Haiti. â€Å"Ma,† as she is referred to throughout the story, has difficulty preserving the Haitian traditions that she values, and accepting the American customs that surround her. Furthermore, she has difficulty accepting that her daughter has become â€Å"Americanized.† In Caroline’s Wedding, Ma is initially upset that her youngest daughter is marrying out of the family’s Haitian cult ure. Ma struggles to accept that Caroline is engaged to a Bahamian man, and that their engagement and wedding plans are non-traditional. Throughout the story, Danticat shows Ma’s growing acceptance of the wedding. She shows Ma increasingly being able to understand her daughter’s decision to marry. Finally, Ma fully accepts the marriage. Her acceptance of the marriage results because she sees herself mirrored in her daughter. She realizes that despite cultural differences, they both experience genuine love. Second, Ma uses her oldest daughter, Grace, as a bridge between the two cultures. Ma is Haitian, Caroline is American, and Grace can associate to both cultures. Grace, then, helps her mother and sister understand one another. Finally, Ma accepts the marriage because she lets go of Caroline, realizing that she will still be a part of her life. Throughout Caroline’s engagement and wedding Ma shows that she is capable of accepting American customs while preservin g her own Haitian culture. Ma begins to accept ... Free Essays on Haiti Free Essays on Haiti In the Haitian culture children are considered to be their parent’s property. In American culture children are conditioned to believe that they are free – even from their parents. The two philosophies regarding parent-child relationships causes conflict in cross-cultural families. In her short story, â€Å"Caroline’s Wedding,† Edwidge Danticat exposes the cultural struggle between mother and daughter. The daughter, Caroline, is raised in America, and as a result, has adopted the country’s customs. The mother’s homeland, however, is Haiti. â€Å"Ma,† as she is referred to throughout the story, has difficulty preserving the Haitian traditions that she values, and accepting the American customs that surround her. Furthermore, she has difficulty accepting that her daughter has become â€Å"Americanized.† In Caroline’s Wedding, Ma is initially upset that her youngest daughter is marrying out of the family’s Haitian cult ure. Ma struggles to accept that Caroline is engaged to a Bahamian man, and that their engagement and wedding plans are non-traditional. Throughout the story, Danticat shows Ma’s growing acceptance of the wedding. She shows Ma increasingly being able to understand her daughter’s decision to marry. Finally, Ma fully accepts the marriage. Her acceptance of the marriage results because she sees herself mirrored in her daughter. She realizes that despite cultural differences, they both experience genuine love. Second, Ma uses her oldest daughter, Grace, as a bridge between the two cultures. Ma is Haitian, Caroline is American, and Grace can associate to both cultures. Grace, then, helps her mother and sister understand one another. Finally, Ma accepts the marriage because she lets go of Caroline, realizing that she will still be a part of her life. Throughout Caroline’s engagement and wedding Ma shows that she is capable of accepting American customs while preservin g her own Haitian culture. Ma begins to accept ...

Audit Assurance and Compliance for Accountability- myassignmenthelp

The main information is seen to be based on the various types of eh compliance which is seen to be based on the financial report of DIPL. This has been further seen to be based on the development pertaining to the audit plan with the various types of the guidelines generated in the audit process. In particular this has been seen to be helpful for the assessor in the consideration of the various types of the consideration made in the audit cost as per the assists in the aversion in the aversion for misunderstanding of the clientele data. The various aspects of the analytical data has been further seen to be associated to the dissemination of the information based on the financial declarations of the company. The important aspect of the process has been further based on the specific approach of the financial declarations, financial analysts and accountants for taking vital business decisions (Mahmoud Hosseinniakani, Inà ¡cio and Mota 2014). The analytical approach has been further considered as per the common sizing and analyse the reference point. The comparison of the financial statement has been considered as per the different types of the methods seen to be conducive for different period in different corporations. The ratio analysis of the company has been further seen to be considered as per the financial declarations of the audit (Adams and Evans 2004). Explanation of the way the results influence planning decisions for the audit The planning of the decisions has been further seen to be considered as per the audit planning when necessary. The results of the analytical process have been considered as per the classification of the financial statements as per the relevant information. For example, the various types of the outcomes of the ratio has been taken into account as per the current ratio of DIPL. This has been computed as 1.42 in 2013, 1.46 in 2014 and 1.5 in 2015. The main aspect of the profitability has been further seen to be 0.068 in 2013, 0.60 in 2014 and 0.06 in 2015. The various aspects of the profitability have been further able to reveal that the net income earned by the firm has been compared to sales from DIPL   (Ruhnke and Schmidt 2014). The assessor needs to understand the reason for high or low expenses to curtail the budget and time. The various types of fluctuations in the ratio are conducive for audit assessment with the soundness in the financial position. Comparably in 2013 and 2015, the solvency ratio is discerned as 0.62 and 0.21(Ghani and Rahman 2015). The important aspect of auditing has been able to show several incidences of material misstatements in the financial announce with a particular company. The various types of the risks have been further related to the financial misstatements with the financial declarations of the corporation. The risks have been further assessed as financial as well as non-financial factors. Despite of this fact the other related risks are seen to be related with omission and diverse errors, which are further seen to be diverse in nature for the operations of business in DIPL (Knechel 2016). As per the given situation the various transactions has been omitted by accountants. This has been directed sequentially with the inconsistencies particular to the essential planning with the sales activity. The depictions made from the study has further disclosed about the accomplishment in terms of the profit generated from sales. The analysis off the given case has been further seen to be associated to the IT implementation process related to certain issues. DIPL is not adequate to handle the execution process and the installation of the reconciliation and the testing of new arrangement at the year end (Kilgore, Harrison and Radich 2014). The cash receipts have been recorded as per the inherent risk present in the company and the same has been suspected based on the material misstatement consideration. Excessive pressure on employees and management- The excess work pressure among the members and the staff has been further related to poor bookkeeping practice. The various attributes has considered as per the poor liquidity, operating outcome and issues in the cash flow (Schmidt, Wood and Grabski 2016). Risks of errors or else incorrect misrepresentation- The main form of the intricacies and the errors has been misrepresented simultaneously (Duncan and Whittington 2014). Integrity of the entire management- The management team of DIPL is seen to lack the required integrity and the expectation to prepare the reputational loss in the business. Unusual pressure on management- The existence of the incentives for the management is based on the issues associated to exits incentives for the misstatements in the pecuniary declarations. Nature of entity business- The growth in the major economies has been seen to be competitive in this circumstance. The aforementioned aspects of the inherent risk of the business have been further based on the consideration to analyse the planning structure of the audit (Gul, Wu and Yang 2013). Identification and explanation of two key fraud risk factors relating to misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting The main risks indicated has been considered as per the amount loss incurred based on the fraud. The dissatisfaction among the workforce is based on the employees inducing their involvement in fraud. The various types of the consideration have been further based on specific financial outcomes in terms of changing of the guarantees generated (Kubuabola 2013). Fraud incidence for workforce engagement The main aspects of the fraud risk has been further considered as per the operation of DIPL. The operations of DIPL have been further based on consideration of novel accounting system. The pressure from the employees has been seen to be carried in the installation process for the new IT systems leading to fraud in accounting. The revealing of the IT system has also showed that the engagement in the fraudulent activities has led to the material statement in the audit statement. The various discussions of the study have been also able to show that incidence of improper handling of the IT procedure and allocation of transactions at the end of every year. This may further lead to loss by the end of every year. The different types of the discussions of the study has been further able to show the various incidences associated to the improper handling of the process and the IT and the improper allocation of the transactions during the end of each year (Christensen, Glover and Wood 2013). The fraud in the financial report has been seen to be another important risk factor. At times, due to excessive pressure it has been observed that the outside financiers will be able to declare the various types of the specific announcements made by the financial management to adhere to the certain goals to qualify for the acquisition of the debt. The high nature of the risk has been further seen to be associated to the improper financial considerations. The financial position of DIPL has been further able to depict the different considerations for the increasing trend of revenue from 2013 to 2015.In addition to this; the current asset of DIPL has increased to a considerable level. The gross profit has also increased from 2013 to 2015. The main considerations of the study has been taken with loan amounting to 7.5 million particularly in the loan agreement by maintaining current ratio of 1.5 and the debt equity has been seen to be lower than 1. This particular requirement has been rel ated to the considerations made in terms of improper reflection of the financial position. The company failed in terms of the maintaining the prescribed benchmark which will be able to relate to make the company eligible for the non- eligible finance of BDO (Ackers and Eccles 2015). As per the case study, the valuation of the raw materials of the inventory has been considered at a certain average cost which has been not seen to be appropriate with the present cost considerations. This is because the cost on paper was more than the average cost. The risk associated to the fraudulent activities has been   further seen to be based on monitoring and the evaluation of the financial statement at the same time (Winer et al. 2015). Ackers, B. and Eccles, N. S. (2015) ‘Mandatory corporate social responsibility assurance practices’, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 28(4), pp. 515–550. doi: 10.1108/AAAJ-12-2013-1554. Adams, C. and Evans, R. (2004) ‘Accountability, Completeness, Credibility and the Audit Expectations Gap’, JCC 14 Summer 2014, pp. 97–115. doi: 10.9774/gleaf.4700.2004.su.00010. Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M. and Wood, D. A. (2013) ‘Extreme estimation uncertainty and audit assurance’, Current Issues in Auditing, 7(1), pp. 36–42. doi: 10.2308/ciia-50447. Duncan, B. and Whittington, M. (2014) ‘Compliance with Standards, Assurance and Audit: Does this Equal Security?’, in Security of Information and Networks (SIN), 2014 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on, pp. 77–84. doi: 10.1145/2659651.2659711. Ghani, N. L. A. and Rahman, A. R. A. (2015) ‘An analysis of Shari’ah audit practices in islamic banks in Malaysia’, Jurnal Pengurusan, 43, pp. 107–118. Gul, F. A., Wu, D. and Yang, Z. (2013) ‘Do individual auditors affect audit quality? Evidence from archival data’, Accounting Review, 88(6), pp. 1993–2023. doi: 10.2308/accr-50536. Kilgore, A., Harrison, G. and Radich, R. (2014) ‘Audit quality: what’s important to users of audit services’, Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(9), pp. 776–799. doi: 10.1108/MAJ-08-2014-1062. Knechel, W. R. (2016) ‘Audit Quality and Regulation’, International Journal of Auditing, 20(3), pp. 215–223. doi: 10.1111/ijau.12077. Kubuabola, S. (2013) External Quality Audit, External Quality Audit. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-84334-676-0.50005-4. Mahmoud HOSSEINNIAKANI, S., Inà ¡cio, H. and Mota, R. (2014) ‘A Review on Audit Quality Factors’, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 4(2), pp. 243–254. doi: 10.6007/IJARAFMS/v4-i2/861. Ruhnke, K. and Schmidt, M. (2014) ‘The Audit Expectation Gap: Existence, Causes, and the Impact of Changes’, Accounting and Business Research, 44(5), pp. 572–601. doi: 10.1080/00014788.2014.929519. Schmidt, P. J., Wood, J. T. and Grabski, S. V (2016) ‘Business in the Cloud: Research Questions on Governance, Audit, and Assurance.’, Journal of Information Systems, 30(3), pp. 173–189. doi: 10.2308/isys-51494. Winer, R. A., Bennett, E., Murillo, I., Schuetz-Mueller, J. and Katz, C. L. (2015) ‘Monitoring Compliance to Promote Quality Assurance: Development of a Mental Health Clinical Chart Audit Tool in Belize, 2013’, Psychiatric Quarterly, 86(3), pp. 373–379. doi: 10.1007/s11126-014-9331-5.

Reserch paper on Internet Security(Master level) based on Electronic Essay

Reserch paper on Internet Security(Master level) based on Electronic Business Design - Essay Example However, E Commerce is no panacea. As the dependence on the Internet increases, so do the pertinent risks that might hamper the profitability of a business due to computer criminals. The past few years have revealed that most people are not proactive towards Internet security and tend to wake up to its importance only after the disaster has already struck. This paper aims at analysing the impact Internet security has on electronic business. The prevalent norms of electronic business are analysed and the security mandated are considered. Current security standards are analysed and their loopholes are presented. Finally the paper concludes with the presentation of the prospective state of Internet security. The availability of commodity priced IT systems, high speed and affordable communications infrastructure and ever increasing research and development in computer languages have swelled Electronic Commerce. But what exactly is E Commerce The ubiquitous definition of E Commerce would be, "Buying and selling of goods on the Internet". However this definition is a little too coarse; too simple. The eCommerce Innovation Centre provides a more pragmatic view by defining E Commerce as every form of business or administrative transaction or exchange of information between a company and its outside world (eCIC, 2001). The first implementations of E Commerce applications can be traced back to the early 1970s, when a few companies began exchanging data among themselves through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), a prevalent industry standard for inter enterprise communication. Since then there has been no looking back. Companies began deploying huge corporate networks with groups of systems per form certain business tasks. The major springboard to E Commerce was provided by the low cost entry of the Internet. Virtually every major company started transforming their businesses to global level through Internet (Gottardi et al, 2004). However today, just a decade after the revolution, E Commerce is plainly considered to be a synonym for high profits. It is an underlying business philosophy assumption of major companies and not some necessary technological breakthrough. Such a ubiquity of E Commerce was mainly due to its potential to lead to dramatic growth in trade and improved efficiency and effectiveness of business practises. As of today, E Commerce consists of several theoretical models, which provide a company with the tools to support the 5 essential elements of conducting business, namely price, promotion, presence, product and place. The important models are: Merchant Model: This model is typically used by traders, resellers, wholesaler and retailers of goods and services. It includes 24x7 ordering and one to one custom marketing (embellix, 2000). Auction Model: This model emulates the traditional 'bidding' model. It implements the bidding mechanisms by presenting goods and their value online. Manufacturer Model: It is used by the manufacturers directly to communicate to the consumers about their goods and service

Long-Term Investment Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Long-Term Investment Decision - Essay Example The following sections provide an outline of ways to meets the price problem and other issues such as, government intervention in the industry. Price elasticity of demand assesses sensitivity of quantity demanded with respect to change in price. Price elasticity is being considered in decision-making process of the company because with rise in price of food ingredients (raw material), it is naturally assumed that price of the final product will also increase. In this situation, managers need to analyze the impact of price change on product demand. The demand can be either elastic or inelastic. Elastic demand will alter with the price change, while inelastic demand tends to be static with price change. The demand of necessity product is usually inelastic in nature (Fibich, Gavious & Lowengart, 2005). For example, if the company is operating in a location where individuals are extremely busy, have no time to cook at home and are highly healthy conscious, then demand of the products of Fitness Food will be inelastic, unless the price change is unreasonably high. On the contrary, areas where fresh food is easily available and i ndividuals have access to home-made food and fresh fruits, the demand will be negatively elastic in case of price change (Senauer, 2001). Keeping in view the problem that management is facing, application of a customized pricing strategy is essential to resolve problems related to price elasticity. Optimal pricing policy is otherwise known as perfect price discrimination; implementation of this policy would mean that Fitness Food will have to segment its consumer market in different groups and have to research the amount that consumers are willing to pay for packaged food. The company has to determine optimal price and volume, which is also referred as the price and volume of the product that will maximize its profit. Fitness Food has to determine preference of its consumers and their price sensitiveness with the help of distributors and